Reclamation of phosphorus (P) from wastewater using metal-engineered biochar and its reuses as
phosphate fertilizers could be an eco-friendly and effective technology for the sustainability of environmental and
agricultural systems. Herein, we studied the P removal capacity of filter cake-engineered biochar loaded with Al and
Fe and examined their available P release capability into the sand sample. The Al-biochar (63.7 mg/g) had a higher P
retention capacity than the Fe-biochar (33.2 mg/g). Over 45 days of the incubation, Al- and Fe-biochar incorporation
steadily or increasingly released adequate concentrations of available P to the sand sample. Furthermore, a considerable
P fraction (99.4–99.8% of the total P) remained in all metal-biochar samples, suggesting that the metal biochar could be
a long-term source of the available P pool. This study highlighted the potential use of Al- and Fe-biochar for providing
available P availability in sandy soils.